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Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Published by Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society
ISSN : -     EISSN : 19782993     DOI : https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, a reputable international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics, and chemical reaction engineering. Scientific articles dealing with the following topics in chemical reaction engineering, catalysis science, and engineering, catalyst preparation method and characterization, novel innovation of chemical reactor, kinetic studies, etc. are particularly welcome. However, articles concerned on the general chemical engineering process are not covered and out of the scope of this journal. This journal encompasses Original Research Articles, Review Articles (only selected/invited authors), and Short Communications, including: fundamentals of catalyst and catalysis; materials and nano-materials for catalyst; chemistry of catalyst and catalysis; surface chemistry of catalyst; applied catalysis; applied bio-catalysis; applied chemical reaction engineering; catalyst regeneration; catalyst deactivation; photocatalyst and photocatalysis; electrocatalysis for fuel cell application; applied bio-reactor; membrane bioreactor; fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering; kinetics studies of chemical reaction engineering; chemical reactor design (not process parameter optimization); enzymatic catalytic reaction (not process parameter optimization); kinetic studies of enzymatic reaction (not process parameter optimization); the industrial practice of catalyst; the industrial practice of chemical reactor engineering; application of plasma technology in catalysis and chemical reactor; and advanced technology for chemical reactors design. However, articles concerned about the "General Chemical Engineering Process" are not covered and out of the scope of this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Katalisis
Articles 24 Documents
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Search results for , issue "2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)" : 24 Documents clear
Characterization and Application of Molten Slag as Catalyst in Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil Faten Hameed Kamil; Salmiaton Ali; Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman; Intesar Razaq Hussien; Rozita Omer
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.3973.119-127

Abstract

Chemical and physical analysis was performed to identify the molten slag composition and its ability to be used as alternative catalyst in pyrolysis of waste cooking oil. The implementation such type of catalytic material could be useful in reducing the process cost. To increase the efficiency (increase the active site) of molten slag, it was modified by acid washing that resulted in an increase in the acidity from 159 to 1224 µmol/g. The results showed that the yield of bio-fuel was increased and the product selective to n-C15 upon the modification of molten slag by acid treatment. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Kinetics and Thermodynamics Study of Ultrasound-Assisted Depolymerization of k-Carrageenan in Acidic Solution Ratnawati Ratnawati; Nita Indriyani
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.6738.280-289

Abstract

K-carrageenan is a natural polymer with high molecular weight ranging from 100 to 1000 kDa. The oligocarrageenan with low molecular weight is widely used in biomedical application. The aim of this work was to depolymerize k-carrageenan in an acidic solution with the assistance of ultrasound irradiation. The ultrasonication was conducted at various pH (3 and 6), temperatures (30-60 °C), and depolymerization time (0-24 minutes). The results show that the depolymerization reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetic model with reaction rate constant of 1.856×10-7 to 2.138×10-6 s-1. The reaction rate constant increases at higher temperature and lower pH. The Q10-temperature coefficients of the depolymerization are 1.25 and 1.51 for pH 6 and 3, respectively. The enthalpy of activation (ΔH‡) and the Gibbs energy of activation (ΔG‡) are positive, while the entropy of activation (ΔS‡) is negative, indicating that the activation step of the ultrasound-assisted depolymerization of k-carrageenan is endothermic, non-spontaneous, and the molecules at the transition state is more ordered than at the ground state. The ΔH‡ and the ΔS‡ are not affected by temperature, while the ΔG‡ is a weak function of temperature. The ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ become smaller at higher pH, while the ΔG‡ increases with the increase of pH. The kinetics and thermodynamics analysis show that the ultrasound-assisted depolymerization of k-carrageenan in acidic solution is possibly through three mechanisms, i.e. bond cleavage due to cavitational effect of microbubbles, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, as well as proton. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Optimization of Oxidative Desulfurization Reaction with Fe2O3 Catalyst Supported on Graphene Using Box-Behnken Experimental Method Hameed Hussein Alwan; Ammar Ali Ali; Hasan F. Makki
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.6670.175-185

Abstract

In this study, the catalyst activity of Fe2O3 supported on Graphene for Iraqi gas oil oxidation desulfurization (ODS) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated. The prepared catalyst was synthesized by wet impregnation for ferric nitrate as a Fe2O3 precursor while Graphene represented as catalyst support. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by XRD, FTIR, and EDS analysis. The experiments were designed according to three-level for three variables by Box-Behnken experimental design; Stirring time, catalyst dosage and temperature while the sulfur removal efficiency acts as experiment response. Catalyst activity was studied by ODS reaction for Iraqi gas oil (sulfur content 9400 ppm) at temperature range (40-60 ºC), stirring time (160-240 minutes) and catalyst dosage (0.5-2.5 g), the results show maximum sulfur removal efficiency 90% at stirring time, catalyst dosage and temperature 240 min, 1.5 g, and 60 ºC, respectively. ANOVA analysis shows the important effect of each independent variable on sulfur removal efficiency (response) as following influential order; stirring time, reaction temperature and catalyst dosage. Kinetics calculation showed that the ODS reaction obeys pseudo first-order reaction with reaction rate constant equal 1.0837, 1.5893, and 2.5053 at temperature 40, 50, and 60 ºC, respectively, while activation energy equal 36.26 kJ/mol. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility of Coconut Husk using Nitrogen-assisted Subcritical Water for Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5337.84-95

Abstract

Coconut husk (CCH) as an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia has the potential to be utilized for sugar production, which is the intermediate product of biofuel. In this study, subcritical water (SCW) assisted by nitrogen (N2) was developed to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of CCH. SCW process was optimized by varying the operation condition: the pressure of 60-100 bar, the temperature of 150-190 °C, and the time of 20-60 min. The SCW-treated solid was subsequently hydrolyzed by utilizing a mixture of commercial cellulase and xylanase enzymes. The result shows that the optimum total sugar yield was obtained under the mild condition of SCW treatment, resulting in the sugar of 15.67 % and 10.31 % gained after SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis process, respectively. SEM and FTIR analysis of SCW-treated solid exhibited the deformation of lignin and solubilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, while XRD and TGA revealed an increase of the amount of crystalline part in the solid residue. The use of N2 in SCW treatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis in this study suggested that the method can be considered economically for biofuel production from CCH waste in commercial scale. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Facile Investigation of Ti3+ State in Ti-based Ziegler-Natta Catalyst with A Combination of Cocatalysts Using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Thanyaporn Pongchan; Piyasan Praserthdam; Bunjerd Jongsomjit
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5227.55-65

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the influences of a combination of cocatalysts including triethylaluminum (TEA) and tri-n-octylaluminum (TnOA) for activation of a commercial Ti-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst during ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization on the change in Ti3+ during polymerization. Thus, electron spin resonance (ESR) technique was performed to monitor the change in Ti3+ depending on the catalyst activation by a single and combination of cocatalyst. It revealed that the amount of Ti3+ played a crucial role on both ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization. For ethylene polymerization, the activation with TEA apparently resulted in the highest catalytic activity. The activation with TEA+TnOA combination exhibited a moderate activity, whereas TnOA activation gave the lowest activity. In case of ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization, it revealed that the presence of 1-hexene decreased activity. The effect of different cocatalysts tended to be similar to the one in the absence of 1-hexene. The decrease of temperature from 80 to 70 °C in ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization tended to lower catalytic activity for TnOA and TEA+TnOA, whereas only slight effect was observed for TEA system. The effect of different cocatalyst activation on the change of Ti3+ state of catalyst was elucidated by ESR measurement. It appeared that the activation of catalyst with TEA+TnOA combination essentially inhibited the reduction of Ti3+ to Ti2+ leading to lower activity.  Furthermore, the polymer properties such as morphology and crystallinity can be altered by different cocatalysts. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Effect of Process Parameters on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol in Oilfield Produced Wastewater using ZnO/Fe2O3 Nanocomposites. Omer Al Haiqi; Abdurahman Hamid Nour; Rushdi Bargaa; Bamidele Victor Ayodele
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.6068.128-136

Abstract

The upstream processing of crude oil is often associated with the presence of phenolic compounds when not properly treated could result in adverse effects on human health. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of process parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. The ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method and characterized using various instrument techniques. The characterized ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite displayed suitable physicochemical properties for the photocatalytic reaction. The ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite was employed for the phenol degradation in a cylindrical batch reactor under solar radiation. The photocatalytic runs show that calcination temperature of the ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite, catalyst loading, initial phenol concentration and pH of the wastewater significantly influence the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. After 180 min of solar radiation, the highest phenol degradation of 92.7% was obtained using the ZnO/Fe2O3 photocatalyst calcined at 400 ºC. This study has demonstrated that phenol degradation is significantly influenced by parameters such as calcination temperature of the ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite, catalyst loading, initial phenol concentration and pH of the wastewater resulting in highest phenol degradation using the ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite calcined at 400 ºC, initial phenol concentration of 0.5 mg/L, catalyst loading of 3 mg/L and pH of 3. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
A Review Paper on Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst: Types of Preparation, Modification Techniques, Factors Affecting the Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in the Wastewater Treatment Vijyendra Kumar; Titikshya Mohapatra; Sandeep Dharmadhikari; Prabir Ghosh
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.4374.1-34

Abstract

This comprehensive review focuses on the different factors, modification in the synthesis method, characterization and application of heterogeneous catalyst in the wastewater treatment based on the Fenton process. The present review highlights the different catalyst preparation methods like wet impregnation method, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, precipitation method and their application to treat different recalcitrant organic chemicals. Major heterogeneous catalyst synthesis methods were discussed with their excellent workability. The importance of modification through physical and chemical method  was  also reported. Different catalyst, pollutants and optimum parametric conditions available in the literature along with some relevant studies are summarized. The effect of factors like pH, calcination and some other modifiers on the synthesis and their efficiency in the wastewater treatment has been described. The important characterization of synthesized catalysts explaining their working efficiency has also been discussed. In the final section, the application of heterogeneous catalyst synthesized by different methods in the wastewater/effluent treatment has been investigated. The main aim of this review is to find out the influence of process parameters and catalytic method on degradation/decolorization of organic compounds present in industrial or synthetic wastewater. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Structural, Thermal, Morphological, Adsorption and Catalytic Properties of Poly(BPDAH-co-ODA/PPDA)-Ag/V2O5 Nanocomposites Govindharajan Sribala; Balakrishnan Meenarathi; Ramasamy Anbarasan
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5595.155-174

Abstract

Thermally stable polyimides (PIs) were prepared by condensation technique at 160 ºC for 5 hours in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) medium under N2 atmosphere both in the presence and absence of metal (Ag) and metaloxide (MO) (V2O5) nanoparticles (NPs). The synthesized polymers are characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (FE-SEM and EDX). The FT-IR spectrum showed a peak at 1786 cm-1 corresponding to the C=O stretching of dianhydride. The aromatic proton signals appeared between 6.7 and 7.5 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectrum of the resultant PIs. The oxydianiline (ODA) based PI with Ag NP loaded system exhibited the highest Tg value. The apparent rate constant values for the adsorption and catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol (PNP), Cr6+ and rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye were determined with the help of UV-visible spectrophotometer. Among the catalysts, the system loaded with V2O5 NP has higher kapp values. The experimental results are critically analyzed and compared with the previously available literature values. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Zn-M-CO3 Layered Double Hydroxides (M=Fe, Cr, or Al): Synthesis, Characterization, and Removal of Aqueous Indigo Carmine Salima Bouteraa; Fatiha Boukraa Djelllal Saiah; Sarah Hamouda; Nourredine Bettahar
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5053.43-54

Abstract

In this approach, Zn-M+3 layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with M+3 = Fe, Cr, or Al were synthesized by the co-precipitation method from the aqueous solution at a constant solution pH. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD analysis, FTIR spectra, BET techniques and simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). XRD analysis showed that Zn-Fe-CO3 had the greatest lattices parameters. BET surface area of Zn-Fe-CO3 was calculated as 52.24 m2.g-1 and was higher than Zn-Cr-CO3 and Zn-Al-CO3 with 46.70 and 49.99 m2.g-1, respectively. The FTIR spectra clearly confirmed the presence of carbonate anions in the structure of the LDHs. Adsorption experiments for Indigo Carmine (IC), as the main model organic pollutant in this study from aqueous solution onto synthetized samples were carried out in terms of solution pH, contact time and initial dye concentration. Experimental results indicate that the capacity of dye uptake augmented rapidly within the first 15, 40, and 55 minuts for Zn-Fe-CO3, Zn-Cr-CO3 and Zn-Al-CO3 respectively and then stayed practically the same regardless of the concentration. Adsorption kinetics studies revealed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second order kinetics model instead of a pseudo-first-order model. The adsorption isotherm data follow the Langmuir equation in which parameters are calculated. The maximum Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities were 94.87, 21.79, and 66.71 mg.g-1, respectively, for Zn-Fe-CO3, Zn-Cr-CO3, and Zn-Al-CO3. The adsorption capacities were slightly influenced by the pH variations from 5 to 10, showing the advantage of using these materials in water treatments in a wide pH range. Finally, the IC removal is proven by the presence of IC functional groups in IR spectra and thermograms. TGA/DSC of Zn-Fe-CO3 obtained after removal of IC indicate that the LDHs stabilizes IC and delays the combustion of adsorbed molecules. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
One-pot Selective Conversion of Biomass-derived Furfural into Cyclopentanone/Cyclopentanol over TiO2 Supported Bimetallic Ni-M (M = Co, Fe) Catalysts Maria Dewi Astuti; Ditya Kristina; Rodiansono Rodiansono; Dwi Rasy Mujiyanti
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.6307.231-241

Abstract

One-pot selective conversion of biomass-derived furfural (FFald) into cyclopentanone (CPO) or cyclopentanol (CPL) using bimetallic nickel-based supported on TiO2 (denoted as Ni-M(3.0)/TiO2; M = Co and Fe; 3.0 is Ni/M molar ratio) have been investigated. Catalysts were synthesized via a hydrothermal method at 150 °C for 24 h, followed by H2 reduction at 450 °C for 1.5 h. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis  showed that the formation of Ni-Co alloy phase at 2θ = 44.2° for Ni-Co(3.0)/TiO2 and Ni-Fe alloy at 2θ = 44.1° for Ni-Fe(3.0)/TiO2. The amount of acid sites was measured by using ammonia-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). Ni-Co(3.0)/TiO2 has three NH3 desorption peaks at 180 °C, 353 °C, and 569 °C with acid site amounts of 1.30 µmol.g-1, 1.0 µmol.g-1, and 2.0 µmol.g-1,        respectively. On the other hand, Ni-Fe(3.0)/TiO2 consisted of NH3 desorption peaks at 214 °C and 626 °C with acid site amounts of 3.3 µmol.g-1and 2.0 µmol.g-1, respectively. Both Ni-Co(3.0)/TiO2 and Ni-Fe(3.0)/TiO2 catalysts were found to be active for the selective hydrogenation of FFald to furfuryl alcohol (FFalc) at low temperature of 110 °C, H2 3.0 MPa, 3 h with FFalc selectivity of 81.1% and 82.9%, respectively. High yields of CPO (27.2%) and CPL (41.0%) were achieved upon Ni-Fe(3.0)/TiO2 when the reaction temperature was increased to 170 °C, 3.0 MPa of H2, and a reaction time of 6 h. The yield of CPO+CPL on the reused catalyst decreased slightly after the second reaction run, but the activity was maintained for at least three consecutive runs. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

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